Special Education Law – Overview

Many of us, who went to school not that long ago, remember that being a special needs student meant riding to school in a separate bus and attending one class with other children of varying disabilities. These classes resembled more of a day care than school, and even the most advanced students had little hope of receiving a high school diploma, let alone attend college. Since that time, the term disability, and special needs student, has expanded to encompass much more than a person with an IQ below a certain arbitrary standard. What I have attempted to do in my first article is to give a little history of the evolution of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.

In 1954 the United States Supreme Court decided Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954) which found that segregated schools were a violation of equal protection rights. It would be another twenty years before this concept was applied to children with handicaps, especially learning disabilities, trying to receive an education. In fact, shortly after Brown was decided the Illinois Supreme Court found that compulsory education did not apply to mentally impaired students, and as late as 1969, it was a crime to try to enroll a handicapped child in a public school if that child had ever been excluded.

Due to court challenges in Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia in the early 1970′s things started to change. In 1975 Congress enacted the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. This was the first law that mandated that all handicapped students had a right to an education. Not only did it mandate that all handicapped students had a right to an education, it also mandated that local educational agencies could be held accountable for not doing so. Shortly thereafter, the term handicapped was replaced with “child with a disability”. Although revised in 1990 as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the most comprehensive changes came in 1997. This law required schools to identify children with disabilities to make sure that all children have available a “free appropriate public education and related services designed to meet their unique needs and prepare them for employment and independent living” 20 U.S.C. § 1401 (d). Unfortunately, the most recent changes in 2004 made the law slightly more difficult to receive the benefits they deserve, which, depending upon the next administration and the make up of Congress may or may not be a trend that will be followed in the future.

Exactly what is a “free appropriate public education”? Under the law, it is defined as “special education and related services that (A) have been provided at public expense, under public supervision and direction, and without charge: (B) meet the standards of the State educational agency; (C) include an appropriate preschool, elementary or secondary school education in the State involved; and (D) are provided in conformity with the individualized education program required under [the law].” In other words, the school must provide services that meet the needs of a child with a disability that may affect their ability to learn. These “related services” can be services that are provided in the classroom, such as giving the child extra time to finish taking tests. They can also encompass services that can be provided outside of the classroom, such as tutoring, or having the child attend either a day or residential program outside of the school, along with transportation.

For the historical data, I relied on Wrightslaw: Special Education Law by Peter W. D. Wright and Pamela Darr Wright and Special Education Law in Massachusetts by Massachusetts Continuing Legal Education.

The Best Home Based Business Ideas

A few of the best home business ideas that might be beneficial to you are online auctions, freelance writing and affiliate marketing. These jobs all provide you with an excellent opportunity to make a steady income, work from home and be your own boss. “A home based business will give you the opportunity to make a steady income, be your own boss and work whatever hours you please. Starting a home business will give you a chance to experience a new, income earning life.”

If you are crafty and love spending your spare time painting, sewing or knitting, online auctions may be one of the best home based business ideas for you. Online auctions allow sellers to post their items up for sale, where a large number of individuals will bid on it, in hopes to make a purchase. Once the deadline you have posted ends, the highest bidder will win and be able to purchase your item. Some people are able to maintain this type of business using their smart phone or iPad.

Expressing yourself with writing will open your creative side, and expand your imagination to the fullest. One of the best home based business ideas for a creative mind is freelance writing. There is a variety of websites online that purchase writing content for their clients and pay you in return for the article. With any business, you must provide a resume or a sample of your writing. Your sample will provide them information on your potential to work with them and how unique your writing style is.

Affiliate marketing is among the best home based business ideas to ever become available. There are two ways to work in affiliate marketing, one being you as the affiliate. As an affiliate, you will link your client’s site to your website or web content. This will bring their business site more traffic, leading more customers to them. If you are looking as a client to promote your business, you yourself can hire affiliates to bring traffic to your site and write web content for your business.

The best home based business ideas including freelancing, affiliate marketing, and online auctioning are all revolved around independence and determination. Working at home gives you the chance to promote your business, start a business or work for an online company. All these tactics give you the opportunity to make a steady income and a new way of living. Anyone with the right amount of motivation can work from home and live a comfortable, supportive life.

Is the Home Based Business For You?

Running your own home business is seen as an opportunity to get up late and finish off early with regards to the working hours, however this is seldom the case especially when one is only starting off. Should you be in a position to build up a home based business it will in all likelihood become a lot easier, but the initial efforts and commitment will certainly be required upfront as you build up the home based business.This should not deter you though, and to start off you would be wise to do a little research into possible opportunities that can be developed into a full time business option. This should be coupled with a genuine interest within this sector or niche specific service that you may be looking to pursue on a home based business model.It would also be a good idea to have a contingency fund in place to not only finance your business, but your intended monthly drawings or salary from the business, which will allow you to develop your business in the early stages without having too much financial pressure and worry regarding monthly bills and payments that are due. This really helps in not adding extra pressure to you whilst you are attempting to build up a new business.If you have already decided upon which home based business to pursue and have literally taken the plunge, there are a number of issues that will require further attention, which include the establishment of some rules within the home environment. This will include set routines and hours of work, without allowing family members to take advantage of the fact that you are working from home. Unless this forms part of your overall routine, these distractions can leech valuable time away from your core business focus areas, and should not be allowed. The flipside of that is that you should differentiate between working hours and home hours, which means that you will have to switch off the pc at a set or reasonable time, to spend some quality time with the family. It becomes extremely easy to work long, and ridiculous hours, and lose out on family time.Unless you will be employing additional staff within your home based business you will have to come to accept that you will be working alone mostly. Some people do not function to well in such an environment, whilst others may prefer it. This would depend upon your preferences, so at least be prepared for this situation.The rewards of succeeding with a home business are in no uncertain terms extremely satisfying, and with the right level of commitment and dedication anyone can make a success of their dream of working from the comfort of their own home and running their very own business.

A Home Based Business, A Great Idea To Earn Money While You Are in College

When you are in college it can be hard to balance everything-studying, working, friends, etc. If you are one of those students that have to have a job during college, you know how hard it is to balance everything without messing something up… that’s why, in my opinion; a home based business is great for college students. A home based business is not one of the regular types of jobs. A home based business will not make your life harder, actually…it s going to make it easier and I will tell you immediately why.You can fit with your job around your school schedule- This is one of the best reasons why working from home in college is great. You can fit 100% into your own schedule! You can build your business around your classes, social events, or if you cannot work a certain day of the week, you don`t have to and there is no boss that will tell you that you have to be there no matter what.You can work from home. Imagine a job where you working outfit are…your pyjamas! That’s the beauty of a home based business. The fact that you can stay home! You don’t have to spend money on gas, or energy on going and returning from job you don’t like. A home based business can be done from any place…your dorm, your apartment, etc.You can make a ton of money – you can earn lots of cash. Many people that work through college don t have jobs that pay a lot. What so great about home based business is that you can make tons of money while still being in school. How much money? Enough to pay for your books, classes, food, clothing, living expenses and still having money to save for the future. A home based business is great for that period when you try to figure it out what career you wish to have and is a better alternative than waiting tables.

Tips About a Home Based Business

Many people starting up a home-based business find it difficult to start working from home, especially if they have gone out to work every day of their working life.Having a home-based business is just like going to an office to do your daily work but without some of the negatives. You have flexibility in the working day because you spend less time travelling. For those new to a home based business are a few tips:-• Plan your working day and working week – so each day you know what you have to do before you start• Be disciplined – if your plan is to be in office at 9 make sure you are at your desk at 9• If your home-based business is part time and you only have, for example, a couple of hours a day to spend working, be disciplined and do those two hours a day – every day• The most important item you need when you have a home-based business is a desk – have an area of your home that you use as your office. It may be a spare bedroom, dining room or even a converted garage! Or you may be lucky enough to have a study already set up• You will need a phone. If you have a landline and want a separate number there are several options you may wish to look – internet phones or free phone numbers can both be obtained very cheaply• Access to the internet – a brilliant way to communicate with potential customers. If you have a Blackberry or equivalent then this will help you get started• Stationery – when many people start their own home-based business, they think they need letterheads, compliment slips, business cards and brochures. In most cases when you start perhaps the only one of these you will use is business cards – this may depend on your business. Don’t spend money on stationery unnecessarily until you need the items.• If you have family members in the house during the day make them aware that if you are in ‘your office’ and are not to be disturbed I have had a home based business for over 18 years, starting when I had two small children.I love having my office at home and I wouldn’t ever consider taking office premises. My office has a laptop, printer, photocopier, phones, radio – and more importantly no one to distract me! I think home-based businesses are the way forward, especially with so much work these days being done on the internet and with many having to pay for childcare.

Home Based Business Opportunities for Today’s Entrepreneur

Most people think about home based business opportunities because they like the idea of freedom and being able to work whenever they want or wherever they want to. Some people feel that they are controlled by their bosses but they think that a home based business would take too much time and would never work for them.But, the fact that you reading this article about home based business opportunities shows your initiative and you could be your first step to success.One of the biggest reasons why people fail at with their own internet business is because of a flawed mindset towards internet marketing. You do need time to work on your home business but that does not mean that you should adopt a part time or half-hearted mentality towards it. It is a business and if you treat it like a hobby it will become a very expensive one!To succeed with a home based business you have to be willing to learn a new set of skills and be committed to success.So, where can you start on the internet with a home based business?BloggingBlogging is one of the easiest home based business opportunities that you can attempt. You can write a blog and publish online very quickly and easily. Focus on your passion and if you have great content, people will come to your blog and you can earn money on it through advertising or affiliate programs. You only pay for the domain name (ie, the internet name of your blog) and the monthly hosting so that it can stay online. You can even register some blogs for free. Be warned however that it may take a long time to build up traffic and you need to ensure that you write your blog on a very regular basis.Affiliate MarketingAffiliate marketing is one of the most profitable home based business opportunities on the internet. You can promote other people’s product and get commissions for your efforts without having to worry about creating a product or dealing with fulfilment or customer queries. You can earn up to 100% commissions (if you do it right) by just driving traffic to a merchant’s site and getting people to buy something from it. There are unlimited home based business opportunities in this sector because there are always new products coming out and affiliates are needed everywhere!Freelance ServicesOffering your services as a freelance supplier is the fastest way to make money online based on your core competencies and expertise. Writers, graphic designers and other talents are in demand especially on the internet.Internet MarketingThis is the most popular niche online and is mostly related to teaching others how to make money online or business opportunity niches. There is a huge market on the internet looking to find how to make money online. There are over approximately 50 million searches on the internet each month related to making money online and home based business. If you have a product that can help somebody to make money, save money, save time, save effort or generally run their business for them, then you have a huge market of potential customers.Legitimate home based business opportunities require you to make some investments. Elements such as outsourcing, buying domain names, paid traffic etc do cost money. Do not believe the myth that it doesn’t cost money to build an online home business. It can be inexpensive but it is not free. You must learn to invest your time and money wisely to achieve maximum results.

Small Business Grants Vs ARC Loans

Small businesses are an important part of the American economy. According to the National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB), they supply roughly 55 percent of all jobs in the private sector, and they generate about half of all privately generated Gross Domestic Products (GDP), according to some estimates. There are over 27 million small businesses in the United States. They can be self-employed, home-based, Internet-based, and owned by men, women, and minorities, producing a very broad range of innovative products and services. Yet they continue to struggle in securing financing to start or grow their businesses.Small businesses have always relied on commercial banks for business loans. The increase in bank consolidations has resulted in larger banks, making it more difficult for the small business owner to secure funding for their business. Since more than 60% of small businesses rely on credit lines and loans, and the bulk of this financing comes from the banking sector, small businesses are increasingly looking for more sources to fund their businesses.The good news is that there are many other sources available for small business owners, including government-backed loans, and grants. The major difference between the two is that loans need to be repaid; grants do not. However, the U.S. government, recognizing the important role that small businesses play in our national economy, recently announced the availability of interest-free ARC loans. Grants and ARC loans offer two additional sources for small business funding that are worth investigating.Business GrantsGrants are not loans. Grants are free money that does not have to be repaid. Government grants are offered only to local and state, educational, and public housing organizations, and non-profits, and do not apply to start-ups. In addition, the government may offer some specialized grants to companies engaged in environmental efforts like energy efficiency and recycling, as well as businesses that train youth and senior citizens on the latest technology. That’s why they are referred to as “special purpose grants.” So, where do other small businesses go for grant money?Grants are available from local government agencies and private corporations and organizations. Some of the private sources include trusts and foundations such as the Gates Foundation, the Lilly Endowment, Ford Foundation, Hasbro Industries Charitable Trust, W. K. Kellogg Foundation, the Kipling Foundation, Clorox Company, Allstate Foundation, and International Paper Company. Each source has their guidelines on what type of business will qualify for grant money, and the business owner must meet the criteria. Grant money can be as small as $500 or as large as $5 million. The application process is long and tedious, requiring the applicant to present a solid business plan. The competition for grants is keen with no guarantee that the applicant will receive the money. But for small businesses who qualify and are willing to tough it out in order to get free money, it is worth it.ARC LoansBusiness loans in general differ from grants in that they need to be repaid, with interest. In addition, grants are based on the presentation of a well-written business plan, while loans are based on credit scores and often require collateral.Recently, however, the U.S. government announced a new program of interest-free loans called ARC (America’s Recovery Capital) loans, an extension of the 2009 Recovery Act, offered through the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA). ARC loans provide up to $35,000 (one time only) of interest-free money specifically to small business owners to help them pay down debt on other loans. In essence, it buys them time to get back on their feet. The loans are available until September 30, 2010, or until the funds are depleted (only 10,000 loans are available), and are offered through SBA lenders only. SBA pays the fee to the lenders; the borrower pays back only the principal. Other specifics on ARC loans include:* Only private, for-profit enterprises up to 500 employees are eligible; non-profits are not eligible
* Business must be at least two years old
* Business must demonstrate an immediate financial hardship
* Loan money can only be used to pay off existing outstanding small business debt
* Loan money is paid out to the borrower over a six month period
* Repayment of the principal begins after the last loan disbursement is received
* Borrower has up to five years to repay the loan principalThe new ARC loans offer both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include instant cash flow improvement, more money to re-invest in the business, and more time to restructure the business and position it for future success. For some small businesses, it is just what they need to survive. For others, the disadvantages include the strict criteria for qualification and use of ARC loan money. In addition, unlike grant money that does not have to be repaid, ARC loans need to be repaid. So, a small business owner who meets the qualifications must present a solid business plan that convinces the SBA lender they will be in a position to repay the loan within the time period allotted. That is the risk for the borrower, the lender, and the SBA who is guaranteeing the new ARC loans.ARC loans are not for everyone. However, they may be just the solution needed to save some small business owners.

Introduction to Marketing – Part Nine: Communication and Relationships

Part Nine: Communication and Relationships

Promotion and advertising is the cornerstone of the marketing plan and marketing department, requiring a strategic plan to work out the best way to leverage marketing efforts to successfully promote a product.

The Promotion Mix

The promotion mix consists of advertising, personally selling, sales promotion, public relations and direct marketing, utilising the main elements of the original marketing mix. It depends on the product, industry and market as to which of the promotions mix to use, however usually a combination of two or more is the most effective way of communicating and sparking the interest of the target market.

Common trends have blurred the lines between which promotion method works well, and consumers today require very tailored messaging for them to actually pay attention to the marketing activity itself. “Same old” advertising is starting to get lost in the clutter, to be replaced by innovative and viral campaigns that engage consumers.

The IMC Approach

Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) is the approach where all marketing efforts utilised by the organisation from the promotion mix communicate a clear, consistent and compelling message about the product or organisation themselves. Shifts in communication and message should be done slowly overtime, rather than confusing the customers by promoting inconsistent messages. IMC is a way that an organisation manages its entire portfolio of communication.

The Whole Communication Offering

An organisation is constantly communicating messages to the target market. These include:

(1) Planned and deliberate messaging: via the promotion mix

(2) Product messaging: via the marketing mix (such as price, distribution, etc)

(3) Service messaging: via interaction with the customers themselves

(4) Unplanned and uncontrollable messaging: via gossip, external publicity, reviews, rumours and other external environment buzz.

An IMC plan will ensure that an organisation presents a united, solid communication front to customers: this means the management of all contact points of an organisation and product (what is said in the promotional mix, confirmed by the unplanned messages, and performed via the product and service messages).

Elements in the Communication Process

All messages follow a process:

(1) The sender creates the message and encodes. By encoding, this means the process of creativity of the message.

(2) The message is then send out via the medium chosen. At this point is must also compete in amongst what is known as ‘noise’- these are all of the conflicting messages and all other interference that can distract the target receiver.

(3) Once the message is received via the medium, the receiver must decode the creativity of the sender, which is heavily biased by their own perceptions, judgements and past experiences, to finally receive the message.

(4) After this, a response action is triggered, whether it be dismissal, negative, positive, purchase, and so on.

(5) Concluding the action, feedback from the receiver to the sender is sent, which must also go through the ‘noise’ or interference factor before the sender can use the data.

Different elements of the promotional mix approach this cycle in different ways. For example, personally selling is effective because it completes the cycle entirely in almost one transaction, whereas Public Relations campaigns are slower and can experience high amounts of noise.

Developing Effective Communication

(1) Identify the target audience

(2) Determine the objectives and goals of the communication message

(3) Design or encode the message creatively, catered to what would spark the interest of the target audience.

(4) Select appropriate channels

(5) Establish a budget for this message so as to determine best use of resources

(6) Determine which elements of the promotional mix to utilise

(7) Measure results

(8) Manage the IMC system

(9) Collect data on this experience to improve the next message

Reach and Frequency

When it comes to marketing communication strategy, reach and frequency are the two main factors that must be decided upon.

The reach is all about the level of access to the target market. How many segments within the target market need to be accessed? What times? What demographics? Which media do they use?

The frequency is about how many messages through those reach channels, above. If, for example, a magazine is the selected medium, then how many issues is the communication present in? How many times does the advertisement run on television? And so on.

There tends to be an “S”-shaped response curve that occurs with frequency and effectiveness that all marketers must take into consideration. It is generally accepted that a low frequency of communications, such as between zero and three exposures, is not very effective at all. A medium frequency, above this, gains a high acceptance with the target market and thus is very effective (usually between three and ten rapid exposures). However a high frequency starts to lose its effectiveness and can even become negative if the target market becomes saturated and over-exposed to the content.

Advertising

Advertising, also known as paid-promotion or ‘above the line’ marketing is any communication message that is paid for by an organisation to a medium sponsor (such as a television station, a magazine, a bus shelter, a billboard, a radio station, and so on) that presents and promotes a product, non-personally. This means that it does not involve a personal, one-on-one interaction.

These kind of promotion offers the organisation almost complete control of the message as they can purchase a space and advertise however they’d like, within reason. This is usually the most expensive and competitive form however is extremely effective.

Marketers today, however, face a lot of challenges in advertising as there is a lot of noise and consumers are starting to filter out the ‘same-old’ advertising thrown constantly at them. As consumers are becoming more de-sensitised through over-exposure, marketers have to be far more creative to cater better and more effective messages to the target audience.

Marketers now tend to use different forms of advertising, such as ‘crowd-sourcing’, which is getting the target market actively involved in the advertising and creativity for a reward. This has large uptake by a target market as they feel involvement as worth their attention.

Advertising has five functions when being utilised: informing, persuading, reminding, adding value, assisting organisational efforts and favourability. One message can perform one or a combination of all of these functions. Favourability tends to be utilised more today- if a message is liked by an audience, it will tend to have more cut-through than an ad that rubs the audience the wrong way.

Public Relations (PR)

This is known as ‘below-the-line’ marketing and involves creating good relationships with the organisation’s publics and stake-holders through favourable publicity, positive corporate and product image and managing or debunking unfavourable rumours, reviews and messages.

PR can be positive or negative and can function as an outlet for information or promotion, depending on the context. Unfortunately, PR isn’t always in control by the organisation. Whilst some forms can be intentional, such as a press release, sometimes PR can be written or circulated without the knowledge of the organisation. Organisations such as Greenpeace tend to use witty PR campaigns to gain momentum for the causes within the community.

Event Sponsorship

Event sponsorship is a form of PR, where an organisation pays to be an official branded sponsor. This kind of PR allows for positive brand association with the event. However, for this to be a success, it is important that the product ties in well with the event- it can be a waste if there is no leverage by the organisation. Just a brand at an event isn’t enough; there must be some related activity such as a stall at the event. A good sponsorship PR campaign capitalises by promoting the tie with the event.

However, with event sponsorship, ‘ambush marketing’ threatens to take advantage of such events. This is where an organisation will advertise with the event’s theme unofficially so as to appear to be a sponsor and steal the limelight, when they’re in fact not.

Experiential Marketing Campaign

A good way to gain positive PR is by letting customers trial a brand or product as an experience so that they consume the brand in a favourable experience setting and then share this with the market. For example, wine tasting in a beautiful vineyard or sports drinks during a volleyball game on the beach.

Sampling is another similar example of this, where consumers are given access to free trials to promote the product and break through distrust barriers.

Sales Promotion

Sales promotion is a short-term incentive given to customers to spur and increase purchase behaviour, such as the push and pull strategies discussed above. These can come in the form of discounts, buy-one-get-one free, coupons, lotteries, competitions and so on.

It is important, however, than an organisation avoids the sales promotion trap, which is over-incentivising to a point where the discount becomes the norm and the organisation can no longer remove the promotion.

Diverting can also occur. This is where someone or an organisation avoids the restrictions of a sales promotion, purchases these discounted goods in one region, and then sells in a non-discounted region.

Direct Marketing

This type of promotion began with physical mail marketing and has evolved to email and mobile phone marketing. Basically, it is any form of advertising that utilises an interactive media to gain a measurable result and response at any location.

Unfortunately, direct marketing tends to bombard consumers, so a good ‘call to action’ together with something that sparks the interest and curiosity of the target market enough to get them to respond.

The Internet’s Role In Marketing

The internet is a fantastic resource for marketing efforts. It can perform the following functions for an organisation:

- Public relations
- Investor communications
- Customer service
- Prospect qualification
- Product sales
- Customer interaction and feedback
- Internal communications
- E-Commerce

It is very important that the use of the internet is consistent with the marketing strategy as, because it can perform so many simultaneous functions at once, all must be correctly utilised and managed to ensure a united front and message (a good IMC).

The Psychology of Advertising

On why it is important to understand mass psychology and the psychological processes of cognition for any successful advertising endeavor…

Advertising has been a form of glorifying or gaining publicity for goods and merchandise since very early times. In fact, advertising has been around as an informal concept since the beginning of civilizations and former methods were oral advertising or claiming the benefits of products verbally when merchants sold goods to people directly on the streets. However with the advent of paper and writing, advertising took a more formal shape.

Egyptians and Ancient Greeks used the papyrus for advertising and rock painting was also used. Advertising in English in magazines as we know today dates back to the end of the 17th century and newspaper advertising in America began during the first part of the 18th century with advertisements for estates. With the growth of mass media and different forms and avenues of communication like radio, TV, newspapers, magazines, and of course the internet in the 20th century, advertising started becoming an important aspect for commercialization of products. People started understanding the potential of advertisements and it became a business with the establishment of advertising agencies with the first advertising agency in US opened in 1841.

With advertising becoming a business in itself, the methods of using advertisements became even more formalized, controlled and systematic and the advertisements for products started appearing as newspaper ads, on billboards, hoardings, as handbills, leaflets, on magazines, newspapers, on TV and radio as commercials and more recently on the internet. Web advertising is now a very powerful means to take the message across to the customers. However to actually appeal to customers, advertising will have to work in accordance with the principles of psychology and sociology. Thus an advertiser or an advertising professional will also have to be a sociologist and a psychologist to really have an impact on the minds of consumers.

The principles of advertising are largely based on cognitive psychology and the psychological processes of attention, perception, association and memory to bring out the complete impact or uses of a product or ‘brand’. Any advertisement will have to first focus on the attention that it is able to capture of the consumers. Strong messages, strong visuals and glaring colors are sometimes used on hoardings and billboards. For commercials, attention catching clothes and attractive models are sometimes used.

Once the attention is drawn with the colors and the sounds or words, the focus is on retaining consumer interests by using ‘association’. Themes or products which a particular segment of customers could associate with are used thus for baby food, mothers and babies are featured so association would have more to do with relevance or context of the advertisement. Certain colors also have associative value and certain brands and companies use a specific color to promote their products. For example easygroup uses orange and Vodafone uses red as standard color for all advertising. The company logo or symbol is also a part of developing a brand and helps in giving identity to a brand and has a strong associative value.

The association should be such that it not only serves the purpose of quick understanding and perception of the consumers but is also retained in their memory for a long time. Thus memory or retention is an important aspect of the psychology of advertising as only an advertisement that consumers can easily remember for a long time for its novelty or use of words, colors and figures will be the most effective.

The development of a ‘brand’ is just as effective because a brand helps in driving attention, in developing association (for example, we associate Coke or Pepsi with youth, celebration and a soft drink popular for all occasions) and in memory or retention of any image associated with a service or product. So branding is vital in advertisements as brands help in giving a name and distinct identity of a product. So a Gucci bag or a Sony camera is known for the brand rather than the product.

A brand is recognized in terms of its name, its quality and its reputation with advertisements these days highlighting the uniqueness of brands. For example, HSBC recent advertisements across airports around the world, focus on the differing points of view and different likes and preferences of people across cultures. So when you see such advertisements showing two different perspectives for the same thing, you know this is HSBC. Certain brands develop taglines or motto that sets the brand apart and gives it a distinct character.

You might have wondered why models look lifeless on fashion shows. Fashion shows are usually arranged for designer brands selling clothes and accessories and usually these fashion shows try to accentuate the clothes and that is why the models tend to be rather ‘expressionless’. Although these fashion shows project the clothes sans the emoting, in case of commercials, expressions are widely used because through visual medium, emotions have to be transported through the screen to the consumers to create an effect. Putting across a message through a medium is a challenge and advertisers use emotions widely to help people retain the message that describes the product.

Whatever it is, the mantra is to create an impact and have a lasting effect on the minds of the consumers. The message of the product, the motto of the brand and the mind of the consumer, these are the three Ms that are important in advertising.

However it is important to understand that advertising will have to be different for different media. Radio ads should focus on the strength of sounds and words; internet ads will focus on visuals and colors; newspaper ads will focus on space and the theme; and TV ads would focus more on the emotions and the context used. Using motion, capitalized letters, contrasting colors etc are all important and in order to draw attention to the product, some form of highlighting of the product is also done.

How does all this affect the masses, the consumers who will actually buy the product? Apart from the attention drawing process, the retention producing sounds and words that help memory and the associative value of the products and the advertisements, there is another factor namely necessity of the consumer. Advertising is not just enough, as a customer is driven to buy a product largely considering the necessity, quality, features and price of the product.

If a company solely focuses on the physical aspects of any product, like say – an Apple iPhone looks good on the table, then it’s probably not the best method to have an impact on the market. The features are as important as the price. Then of course, the ‘hype’ that triggers a certain mass psychology in a certain way so people sometimes queue up for newly released products. But trying to tap in on mass psychology or a kind of hype or hysteria for a product is only a short term advertising strategy. The longer term establishment of a product is through real quality, usability and price and all companies should emphasize on these ultimately.

Competition may have a lot to do with the type of advertising used by companies, so the weaknesses of other similar products by other companies are highlighted subtly although this may not always have a positive impact on the mind of the customer. Usually most products advertised as unique and not even remotely similar to other products can have a positive effect and can effectively generate hype and consumer curiosity. Focusing on the unique and highlighting the dissimilarity and novelty of a product in a way that attracts curiosity is a certain method to improve popularity of a product, so this gives consumers the reason to know more and they will enter the shops to enquire about the product. Although celebrities are largely used in advertisements to endorse products or promote a brand, the celebrity culture affects only the youth strongly so the entire value of celebrity advertising may be a bit overrated. This will require a separate discussion on celebrity culture.

The final goal of all advertisers and promoters is to ensure that products and services sell and to increase sales and potential consumer interest creating curiosity is a first short term step while introducing a new product into the market. Retaining customer interest is a different ballgame and requires reputation of the brand, product quality, right pricing and continued high quality advertising to ultimately ensure success of the product.

The Finer Points of Internet Auctions

WHAT IS A PENNY AUCTION?

Penny auctions have exploded in popularity with the massive growth of the internet. However, few people know the true origins of penny auctions.Beginnings actually stretch back to the Great Depression. Those were hard times for everyone, but even harder for farmers. Farmers struggled to bring in steady income because of droughts and crops not selling as well as they had previously. As a result, the banks would foreclose on the farmers who couldn’t keep up with their mortgage payments.

The banks weren’t satisfied with just repossessing the house, they wanted to raise as much capital as possible, so they resorted to selling off the possessions of the owners of the repossessed houses. There was not much the farmers could do about it so they began bidding ridiculously low prices, pennies, on the items while threatening others who dared to bid higher than a few pennies.

The auctions of today hardly resemble their tremulous beginnings. Being part of a penny auction today is exhilarating, fun, and addictive. It combines the selling format of auctioning with a little bit of chance factored in.Auctions are a game of strategy but also a game of luck.

The premise behind penny auctions is giving people the chance to win an item at a drastically reduced price.Auctions make that possible by spreading out the cost of the product among multiple bidders. In order for a person to take part in an auction, they must pay a set price for each bid. For example, if a person wanted to bid on a fifty dollar Amazon gift card then he would spend a dollar for each time a bid placed. If he ended up winning the gift card, then he would only have spent a few dollars for a fifty dollar gift card. Usually penny auctions sell bids in packages.

HOW PENNY AUCTIONS WORK!

The main foundation of penny auctions is the pay-per-bid format. It is the key that allows bidders to win items at the fraction of their retail value and allows the auction owners to keep their site profitable. Most y auction sites run on the same premise: people pay a set amount for each bid, whenever a person places a bid within the closing seconds of the auction time will be added, the last person left with a unique bid after the clocks runs out will win the item. There are a large variety of items that can be won, but they tend to be popular electronics or gift cards to popular stores.

There are two types of auctions: lowest unique bid auction and highest unique bid auction. Lowest unique auction sounds confusing but it is actually quite simple. A unique bid is when only one person has a bid at a certain price. Bids usually start at one penny, a bidder can then place a bid at two pennies. Until another bidder places a higher bid, the most recent bidder will be the lowest unique bid because that was the only bid at two cents and nobody bid higher. However, penny auctions generally don’t stop at one penny. It is not uncommon to find auctions that end up at a couple hundred dollars based on the popularity of the item being auctioned. However, the same principles apply for those auctions. Highest unique bid auctions follow the more traditional auction format such as eBay. The person with the highest bid at the end of the auction wins the item.

Auction site owners turn a profit by selling bids. Say twenty people are bidding on a ten dollar gift card at one dollar per bid, at the end of the auction if there were twenty bids placed in total then the site owner would have made twenty dollars with a ten dollar profit.Auctions do seem like a win-win situation:The site owner makes money while the bidder gets an item for dirt cheap. However, not everyone wins in penny auctions. The people who paid one dollar each bid but left with nothing to show for their investments will not be so happy.

HOW TO WIN!

Penny auction has a lot of chance mixed into it, but one can incorporate strategy that will help raise the chances of winning. Playing smart can make all the difference between gambling and auctioning.

The first crucial tip to winning penny auctions is to know how to manage your bids. Your goal should be to win as much as possible without spending a ton of money buying bids. Managing your bids means that you should already know how much you are willing to risk in order to win an item. The amount of capital you are willing to risk will determine how many bids you can use. Once you know how many bids you have to spend on an item, then you will be better able to manage how and when you place a bid. That will keep you from blowing away all of your bids in the first few seconds of the auction.

The next tip is to practice time management. When fighting in the trenches of penny auctions, you have two enemies: other bidders and time. Knowing when to bid is a must if you want to have success. Placing a bid when there is a lot of time left on the clock is never a good idea. You have to remember that the key to winning a penny auction is being the last one standing when the clock runs out and that each bid increases the amount of time left. It would be a good practice to wait until the last few minutes of the auction before you begin to bid.

The final tip for successful auctioning is to keep your emotions under control.Auctions have a lot of similarities to gambling, and just like gambling, your spending can get out of control. If you keep your emotions level, it will keep you from making rash decisions and blowing loads of cash. Keep your mind clear so that you can gage the behavior of the other bidders and outsmart them.

HOW TO AVOID SCAM SITES!

Penny auctions are a great addition to the web whether you want to win an item that otherwise you wouldn’t be able to afford or if you simply enjoy the thrill that comes with bidding in auctions. Unfortunately, scam sites have tarnished the reputation of the legitimate penny auction sites. However, there are ways that you can protect yourself from scamers and enjoy your auctioning without having to worry about losing your money due to dishonesty.

Checking the reputation of the auction site before you start spending your hard earned money is always a good idea. Chances are other people have tried the site before you and some of them have left reviews. The reviews are your way to gage whether a auction site is trustworthy or not. If a site is getting overwhelmingly negative reviews, then that is a clear indication that you should steer your business elsewhere.

Another tool you can use to protect yourself is checking the Alexia ranks of the auction sites. Alexia rank will give a solid view of how much traffic the auction is getting. If you see a huge difference in the amount of traffic Alexia is projecting and the amount of active bidders on the site, then warning signals should be ringing in your head. Some auction sites have been known to set up robots that automatically bid on projects in order to keep the auction going and inflate the price. That is known as shill bidding. You can sniff out those sites by comparing the traffic the site should be getting to the amount of users using this site.

CONCLUSION!

New legislation may come out later down the road that will officially make penny auctions gambling, but until then, it is a fun, exciting auction that allows one to win the item they’ve always wanted but couldn’t afford.Auctions are also quite lucrative for the site owners because of the pay-per-bid strategy they’ve incorporated. Penny auctions had humble beginnings with farmers who just wanted to get back at the banks who kicked them out of their house. More recently, auctions have enjoyed an explosion in popularity with the rise of the internet.

There are two main formats fora auctions, lowest and highest unique auction, however they both run on the same premise where the last unique bid wins the item. Winning a penny auction will require a certain amount of mental tactic and a bit of luck. However, you can increase your odds of winning by practicing certain techniques such as managing your bids wisely, learning how to work with the time, and keeping a level head and your emotions under control. When you combine those three strategies to your bidding plan, you will find that you win a lot more often.

It is important that you do your due diligence to protect yourself when participating in auctions. Not every auction is run by honest and trustworthy people. There are people out there who just want to take your money. You can protect yourself by ensuring that you only bid on sites that already have a very positive reputation from real users.


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mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us iofk.info aviajes.info myfah.info mypha.info nginside.info kuatc.info luhana.info luzde.info manhthu.info mboxw.info moodt.info adoboo.info pychel.info okenchin.info contebria.info sofulass.info ullese.info riendsco.info runxahmco.gq pointabs.gq taminol.info tourso.info coacoh.info yecconn.info lohav.info modei.info tauto.info reizh.info lotryo.info viales.info ements.info bromp.info stampu.info emukb.info ealsonfi.info eprivacya.info ismsagi.info omesicele.icu chdbianal.info backu.info cresewe.info ndcoveni.info proveyoua.info ristsic.info irancionb.info ovosh.info lahktiuer.info thadavlea.info onajea.info horsosel.info stquali.gq hoccro.gq yourca.us moturi.us gleaners.us arnacr.us eations.us optore.us cacticr.us eations.us smithe.us uopcard.us maryssad.us moesign.us latortug.us abilin.us nague.us turtles.us travels.us benaras.us ipalace.us iamheal.us ogwithin.us intevents.us cedexte.us arteepr.us esente.us klakina.us ahlustore.us bireland.us jamesebe.us moling.us cardcoun.us mootings.us thespa.us messo.us myrcons.us truction.us therichp.us moorint.us fellstra.us ilrace.us jestjest.us agastory.us gelancha.us cottagen.us bricio.us muulina.us veref.us mourn.us